Retirement Lists

How we measure healthcare access

Hospitals

What it means

This looks for nearby hospital access and broader care capacity. A stronger signal means care may be easier to reach.

How we calculate it

We look for hospital availability near the city and weigh it with broader care capacity. More nearby, relevant care access raises the signal.

Sources and freshness

CMS, OpenStreetMap, WHO, World Bank, and public facility records.

Source periods vary by place. City pages show dated source context for the applicable measure when it is available.

Limitations

Proximity and capacity do not measure clinical quality, insurance coverage, appointment availability, or whether a hospital offers a specific service.

Primary care

What it means

Primary care looks for everyday medical access, such as doctors, clinics, and local care options.

How we calculate it

We count and compare everyday care options near the city, then normalize the result so larger and smaller places can be compared more fairly.

Sources and freshness

CMS, public provider records, OpenStreetMap, and local care directories.

Source periods vary by place. City pages show dated source context for the applicable measure when it is available.

Limitations

Provider counts do not guarantee that a practice is accepting patients, taking a specific insurance plan, or offering timely appointments.

Pharmacies

What it means

Pharmacies matter because they make daily care easier. They can also show whether a city has practical health services nearby.

How we calculate it

We look for pharmacy access around the city and use it as one practical sign of daily healthcare convenience.

Sources and freshness

OpenStreetMap, public facility records, and local provider records.

Source periods vary by place. City pages show dated source context for the applicable measure when it is available.

Limitations

A mapped pharmacy does not confirm current hours, medication stock, delivery, accessibility, or the services available at that location.

Country care context

What it means

For places outside the United States, the city page may use country or regional care context when detailed city data is limited.

How we calculate it

When city level records are limited, we blend available local signals with country or regional healthcare measures so international places still have useful context.

Sources and freshness

WHO, World Bank, OECD, public health records, and local records where available.

Source periods vary by place. City pages show dated source context for the applicable measure when it is available.

Limitations

Country and regional measures are broad context. They cannot replace city level access, insurance, language, residency, or provider research.